How did nitazenes emerge in the drug supply?

Nitazenes were originally developed by a pharmaceutical company in the 1950s as a potential pain medication. Due to their high potency and risk of overdose, they were not embraced as a viable option for medical settings.

Although some forms of nitazenes had been already detected in the drug supply, they became more prevalent in the U.S. and other countries in 2019. This was caused by domestic and international crackdowns on fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. This is a common pattern with drugs—when government authorities ban one drug, it is replaced by stronger, more potent drugs that are not yet illegal.

Reviewed and updated by Dr. Sheila P. Vakharia on 04/20/2026.

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