Malissa Ann Crawley was arrested for child endangerment for drug use during her pregnancy, and although she gave birth to a healthy child, she was ultimately sentenced to five years in prison. Her petition for writ of habeas corpus, in support of which DPA submitted an amicus brief on behalf of the American Public Health Association and other organizations, was dismissed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit as time-barred under strict procedural rules enacted by Congress as part of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act.